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2023.07.08
柴油發(fā)電機(jī)的組成及基本概念！
發(fā)電機(jī)是將其他形式的能源轉(zhuǎn)換成電能的機(jī)械設(shè)備，它由水輪機(jī)、汽輪機(jī)、柴油機(jī)或其他動(dòng)力機(jī)械驅(qū)動(dòng)，將水流，氣流，燃料燃燒或原子核裂變產(chǎn)生的能量轉(zhuǎn)化為機(jī)械能傳給發(fā)電機(jī)，再由發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)換為電能。
The generator is a mechanical equipment that converts other forms of energy into electrical energy. It is driven by a water turbine, steam turbine, diesel engine or other power machinery, and converts the energy generated by water flow, air flow, fuel combustion or atomic Nuclear fission into mechanical energy and then transfers it to the generator, which converts it into electrical energy.
發(fā)電機(jī)的工作原理：
The working principle of the generator:
本文講解的是運(yùn)用更廣泛的輕柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。
This article explains the most widely used light diesel engine.
柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組中的柴油機(jī)是動(dòng)力的輸出部分，以柴油為燃料，靠氣缸中被壓縮后形成的高溫高壓空氣使噴入的霧狀柴油燃燒膨脹而做功，把熱能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C(jī)械能。
The diesel engine in the diesel generator set is the output part of power. It uses diesel as fuel, and works by burning and expanding the atomized diesel fuel injected by the high-temperature and high-pressure air compressed in the cylinder to convert heat energy into mechanical energy.
它通過進(jìn)氣、壓縮、做功、排氣四個(gè)過程完成一個(gè)工作循環(huán)，又稱為四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。
It completes a working cycle through four processes: intake, compression, power generation, and exhaust, also known as a four stroke engine.
為了降低零件溫度，機(jī)體內(nèi)布滿水道，由水泵推動(dòng)水冷卻機(jī)組，稱為水冷式機(jī)組.
In order to reduce the temperature of the parts, the body is filled with water channels, and the water cooling unit is driven by a water pump, which is called a water-cooled unit
小功率發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)也有采用空氣對發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)行冷卻，稱為風(fēng)冷機(jī)組（例如：DEUTZ1011/912兩個(gè)系列、常見的摩托車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)）。
Small power engines also use air to cool the engine, known as air-cooled units (such as two series of DEUTZ1011/912, commonly used motorcycle engines).
目前我國熱力發(fā)電廠的發(fā)電機(jī)皆采用二極、轉(zhuǎn)速為3000r/m的臥式結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)電機(jī)更基本的組成部件是定子和轉(zhuǎn)子。
At present, the generators in thermal power plants in China adopt a horizontal structure with two poles and a speed of 3000r/m. The most basic components of the generator are the stator and rotor.
1-發(fā)電機(jī)主體；2-主勵(lì)磁機(jī)；3-永磁副勵(lì)磁機(jī)；4-氣體冷卻器；5-勵(lì)磁機(jī)軸承；6-碳刷架隔音罩；7-電機(jī)端蓋；8-連接汽輪機(jī)背靠輪；9-電機(jī)接線盒；10-電路互感器；11-引出線；12測溫引線盒；13-基座
1- Generator body; 2- Main exciter; 3- Permanent magnet auxiliary exciter; 4- Gas cooler; 5- Exciter bearing; 6-Carbon brush holder soundproof cover; 7- Motor end cover; 8- Connect the turbine back wheel; 9- Motor junction box; 10- Circuit transformer; 11- Outgoing line; 12 temperature measurement lead box; 13- Base
柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組由柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、交流發(fā)電機(jī)、控制系統(tǒng)及各種輔助部件組成，是將機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，通過電纜將電能提供給用戶的設(shè)備。
Diesel generator set is composed of diesel engine, alternator, control system and various auxiliary components. It is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy and provides electrical energy to users through cables.
通常做為備用或主用電源，具有機(jī)動(dòng)靈活、使用方便、隨時(shí)供電、維護(hù)簡單的特點(diǎn)。
Usually used as a backup or main power source, it has the characteristics of flexibility, convenient use, power supply at any time, and simple maintenance.
按使用柴油的不同可以分為：輕柴機(jī)組、重油機(jī)組；
According to the different types of diesel used, it can be divided into: light diesel units and heavy oil units;
按轉(zhuǎn)速的不同可分為：高速機(jī)組、中速機(jī)組、慢速機(jī)組；
According to different speeds, it can be divided into: high-speed units, medium speed units, and slow speed units;
按用途不同可分為：陸用機(jī)組、船用機(jī)組；
According to different purposes, it can be divided into land use units and marine use units;
按使用發(fā)電時(shí)間不同可分為：備用機(jī)組、長行機(jī)組；
According to the different usage time of power generation, it can be divided into standby units and long-distance units;
按照使用特點(diǎn)分：拖車式機(jī)組、靜音型機(jī)組、防雨型機(jī)組、常規(guī)機(jī)組。
According to their usage characteristics, they are divided into trailer type units, silent type units, rainproof type units, and conventional units.